关于东、西方艺术的差异

文 / 陆云华

　　西方绘画被引入中国的基本上是些西方古典绘画和印象派绘画。20世纪50年代苏联的现实主义绘画也曾深深地影响中国。其后，由于其政治原因，现实主义绘画发展迅速，成了中国的主流艺术，并整整影响了几代人的审美思想。多少年来，中国人对绘画的审美要求一直停留在这个点上。因此抽象绘画注定要在中国遭遇不解。
　　在我看来，最接近绘画本源的就要算是抽象绘画了，因为抽象绘画和其他绘画不同的是它没有宗教情节、文字情节，也没有对客观事物的外观描述。更没有对客观事物的情节描写。它注重主观的个人情结反映。也就是说，绘画的本源应该是反映个人的主观世界，而不是对客观事物的复制。
　　传统绘画对客观外形的描述已到了非常极致的程度。通过工匠般的技术对客观物体进行精确描述，借此表达出所要的文学情节或宗教模拟情节。因此，其审美标准基本一致，而抽象艺术必须通过艺术家个人的主观定位，表达主观精神。这是非常个人化的表达方式，差异非常大，不可用同一审美标准去衡量。
　　传统绘画注重客观的形，抽象绘画注重主观的形。
　　在中国，人们在欣赏现实主义绘画时，就显得非常踏实。因为，画里有具体的客观外形和文学情节。但是当欣赏到抽象绘画时就非常不安。“这画是什么意思呀？我怎么一点都看不懂呀？”这是因为他们在抽象绘画面前，原来的审美标准够不上了。
　　美术评论家把抽象艺术复杂化了。弄得画家很不安，其实，画家在制作抽象作品时，根本没有想那么多，只想把自己的冲动记录下来。
　　西方画家同中国画家的差异在于文化背景的不同，同样画一条线，西方画家注重节奏为了满足需要，而中国画家是注重变化，满足感受。
　　凭经验来创作抽象画是徒劳的，经验本身不具备个性，一种方式一旦成了经验，就会变成共性。主观精神用共性经验来表达是可笑的。
　　抽象绘画是很个性的个体行为。不可能满足所有人的审美要求。反过来说抽象绘画对欣赏者是有选择的。
　　传统绘画和抽象艺术有着本质的区别，前者强调塑造，而后者关注语言。
　　书法的灵魂是文字符号的结构、行气、节奏变化及个人素养。从这一点来看，抽象艺术与其太相似了。
　　我只对画面的空间感兴趣，空间的语言比肢体语言更丰富更含蓄。

Difference Idea of Art about East and West
by Lu Yunhua

The main kinds of Western painting that introduced into China are Western classical paintings and Impressionist paintings. The realism of Soviet Union had a profound influence on Chinese painting in 1950s. Later, because of political reasons, the realistic painting had developed quickly and became the mainstream of Chinese art, it had influenced several Chinese generations . Over the years, the Chinese people is destined to face some puzzle in China.

In my opinion,abstract painting could be the closest to the origin of painting. As abstract paiting is different from other painting forms, it doesn't  contain any religious factors , words ,or any sketch of concrete things.It attached importance to the reflect of subjective personal feelings. In other words, the origin of painting should reflect the individual's subjective world, rather than a replication of objective thing.

Traditional painting has been developed into a very extreme level in terms of drawing the shape of an object. It expressed the literature plot or the simulation plot of religion by drawing the shape of  the object accurately. Therefore, their aesthetic standards are nearly the same. But abstract painting is subjective that it expressed personal feeling of individual artists. Subjective expression of the spirit. It's personal and various.It cannot be judged by the same aesthetic standard.

Traditional painting attach great importance to the shape of the object. Abstract painting attach great importance to the subjective and personal feeling.

In China,people feel good when they appreciate realistic painting because there is an objective thing and a literature plot in it. But when they appreciate the abstract painting they feel uneasy. “What does this painting mean? Why I cannot understand it at all?” That because the previous aesthetic standards cannot be used when they stand in front of an abstract painting.
Art critics explain abstract art in such a complicated way that disturb the artists. In fact, an abstract painter didn't think so much when they paint their work. They just want to record their own impulses.

Western artists are different from Chinese artists because of their different cultural backgrounds. When draw a line, Western artists pay attention to rhythm to meet their needs, however, the Chinese artists focus on changes to satisfy their feelings.
It's futile to paint an abstract painting by experience. Experience itself does not have the individuality. When a way of doing something turned into a kind of experience , it will turn into commonality. To express subjective feeling by commonality is ridiculous.

Abstract painting is from a kind of personal and individual behavior. It cannot meet all the need of people.Quite on the contrary, abstract painting is selective to the viewer.

There are intrinsical differences between traditional painting and abstract painting. The former stressed on the shape while the latter stressed on the painting language.

The soul of Chinese calligraphy lay in the structure of symbols, rhythm changes and personal knowledge. In this sense, abstract art is very similar to calligraphy.

I am only interested in the space of paintings. The language of space is richer and more implicit than body language.